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81.
采用等离子弧增材系统实现了不锈钢/高强钢异质异构增材构件制备,等离子弧增材构件具有良好的沉积形貌及优异的力学性能.为揭示叠合方式对等离子弧异质增材构件的宏微观组织和力学性能特征影响,研究采用了体视显微镜、金相显微镜、拉伸及硬度等测试方法.结果表明,不锈钢/高强钢异质异构增材构件中存在两种过渡形式,即以奥氏体枝晶过渡和马氏体组织过渡.增材构件横截面硬度波动较大,主要是混合过渡区域的高合金元素导致的组织变化引起的.叠合方式的改变能够显著影响材料性能,在强度下降不多的情况下,提高材料的冲击韧性. 相似文献
82.
Musculoskeletal injuries are well-known disorders among the agricultural tractor operators. Overexertion is a critical factor which can agitate these injuries. Physical body characteristics should be measured for an ergonomically best-fit-optimal design for the operators. In this study, a designed setup was employed to derive the applied forces by tractor operators on the control tools. The different muscle strengths including leg/foot strength, hand push/pull strength, and torque strength applied by both hands were measured. A comparison was made for the obtained values for different strengths by considering the effects of hand dominance. The obtained data were used to estimate the maximum allowed forces in these tools. In contrast to the previous studies, the minimum allowed actuating forces of the pedals were calculated using reasonable assumptions. These values could provide more comfort and less exhaustion for the tractor operators. The obtained ranges were benchmarked against corresponding recommended values in some standards (ISO, ISIRI, and ASABE family). The results revealed the unsuitability of evaluated standards for a proper design and the excessive overestimation of those recommended values (in some cases more than 3 times). In all of the design procedure, a suitable attention was paid to accommodate it with more than 90% of target population.Relevance to industryA prosperous industry which considers ergonomic factors in the design of agricultural machine workplace can overcome the disorders and generate more comfort. Evaluating more exact mechanical forces can result in a suitable design of workplace. 相似文献
83.
Pedro Freire Filgueiras Joo Teixeira Oliveira de Menezes Juan Elias Perez Ipia Enrique Mariano Castrodeza 《Fatigue & Fracture of Engineering Materials & Structures》2019,42(2):572-582
Recently released, BS 8571:2014 standard offers an alternative for the experimental determination of fracture toughness and resistance curves of metallic materials from SE(T) specimens. Similar in stress conditions and constraint to cracked tubes, specimens in SE(T) geometry should yield less conservative toughness values than conventional high‐constraint specimens, such as SE(B) geometry. However, the convention to determine the J‐integral fracture toughness proposed in the new BS standard is different from ASTM standards. In this work, SE(T) and SE(B) specimens of similar dimensions of a tough high‐strength seamless pipe steel were tested following the BS 8571:2014 and ASTM E1820‐16 standards, respectively. Because of the different standardized definitions, SE(T) specimens yield lower fracture toughness than SE(B) specimens, which could lead to more conservative results in structural integrity analysis. This investigation also suggests the introduction of the blunting line concept in the BS 8571:2014 standard in order to minimize this problem. 相似文献
84.
摘要:为提高焊接构件的动载疲劳寿命,以热模拟为试验手段,对Q700D高强钢进行了焊接热模拟,研究了粗晶热影响区的疲劳寿命、小裂纹扩展行为以及组织软化特征。利用Paris方程和轴向拉伸疲劳试验数据,建立了ΔKth值与模拟粗晶区疲劳寿命的对应关系,利用ΔKth值实现了快速预估粗晶区疲劳寿命。研究表明:相同应力幅值下的lgN值与ΔKth值存在一定的线性拟合关系,即ΔKth值越大,则疲劳寿命N越长。小裂纹扩展微观机理在于所形成的大角度晶界(不小于15°)对小裂纹尖端的止裂性较强,可迫使小裂纹尖端转向耗能。CGHAZ的软化与第二相粒子回熔与粗化有关,粗化的第二相粒子易萌生小裂纹,可通过提高大角度晶界抑制裂纹扩展。 相似文献
85.
Calcite has a highly anisotropic thermal expansion coefficient, and repeated heating and cooling cycles can potentially destabilize chalks by breaking cement bonds between neighboring particles. Based on tensile strength measurements, we investigated how temperature cycles induce weakening of chalk. Tensile strength tests were performed on chalk specimens sampled from Kansas (USA) and Mons (Belgium), each with differing amounts of contact cement. Samples of the two chalk types were tested in dry and water-saturated states, and then exposed to 0, 15, and 30 temperature cycles in order to find out under what circumstances thermally induced tensile strength reduction occurs. The testing results show that the dry samples were not influenced by temperature cycling in either of the chalk types. However, in the water-saturated state, tensile strength is increasingly reduced with progressive numbers of temperature cycles for both chalk samples, especially for the more cemented Kansas chalk. The Kansas chalk demonstrated higher initial tensile strength compared to the less cemented Mons chalk, but the strength of both chalks was reduced by the same relative proportion when undergoing thermal cycles in the water-saturated state. 相似文献
86.
87.
察哈尔传统服饰是蒙古族28个部落传统服饰中的一支,具有突出的形制之简、色彩之素、头饰之繁、佩饰之多的艺术特征,在众多的蒙古族服饰中独树一帜。文章通过对察哈尔蒙古族现主要居住地锡林郭勒和乌兰察布地区的田野调查和历史文献调研,运用艺术学和民俗学的视角,概括其独特的简繁艺术特点,探讨该族群如何通过适简与从繁的服饰礼仪功能来构建民俗生活。研究表明,察哈尔蒙古族传统服饰的简与繁不仅是一种艺术特征,也是族群历史记忆的载体和身份建构的工具,其形成原因受到历史中军事职能、宫廷文化和游牧生活三者的共同塑造,并影响至今。 相似文献
88.
采用光学显微镜、扫描电镜、差热分析及透射电镜等手段,对一种航空用超高强7055铝合金大尺寸铸锭的均匀化工艺进行分析与优化。提出分级提高均匀化温度的方法,在确保不发生过烧的情况下,最大限度改善铸锭质量。结果显示:低温预均匀化时,铸锭中析出大量的Al3Zr相,能够大幅度降低对后续挤压变形的再结晶比例;对铸锭采用400 ℃×4 h+465 ℃×16 h+474 ℃×8 h的分级均匀化处理工艺,能够显著消除铸锭中低熔点相的含量,提高铸锭质量,同时相比于原工艺节省约13 h。新的均匀化处理工艺,不仅提高了生产效率,还能够为后续工艺提供良好的铸锭。 相似文献
89.
本文主要讨论衡器的检定分度数能否大于传感器的最大检定分度数nmax,这是一直困扰大家和争论不休的问题。作者由分析最大允许误差mpe本质入手,指出mpe是人为规定的误差,不是传感器实际的物理特性。通过理论分析得出的对单只传感器的衡器,n≤nmax和v≥vmin的误差限原则是不能违背的。对于四只传感器的衡器,不受上述误差限原则限制。 相似文献
90.